Weight Loss & Metabolism Peptides
Peptides that regulate metabolic function, energy balance, and body weight. Includes GLP-1 receptor agonists, amylin analogs, and other compounds researched for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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5-Amino-1MQ
5-Amino-1MQ is a selective NNMT inhibitor that boosts NAD+ levels. Preclinical data shows anti-obesity and muscle function benefits. No human trials published.
Adipotide
Adipotide (FTPP): Fat-targeting proapoptotic peptide guide. Covers prohibitin mechanism, adipose vasculature disruption, primate data, and safety risks.
Albiglutide (Tanzeum)
Albiglutide (Tanzeum/Eperzan): albumin-fused GLP-1 receptor agonist by GSK. FDA approved 2014 for T2D, withdrawn 2017 due to commercial failure despite positive HARMONY Outcomes CV trial.
Aleniglipron
Aleniglipron (GPCR0803): once-daily oral GLP-1 pill for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Phase 2b showed 11.3% weight loss at 36 weeks. Trial data and 2026 approval timeline.
Amycretin
Amycretin: Novo Nordisk unimolecular GLP-1/amylin receptor agonist. Phase 1b/2a showed up to 24.3% weight loss at 36 weeks. SC and oral formulations. Phase 3 planned.
AOD-9604
AOD-9604: HGH fragment for fat loss research. Covers lipolytic mechanism without IGF-1 effects, weight management data, dosing, and GRAS safety status.
Apitegromab
Apitegromab (SRK-015): anti-promyostatin antibody by Scholar Rock. Phase 3 SAPPHIRE met primary endpoint in SMA. Also studied for lean mass in obesity.
Bimagrumab
Bimagrumab (BYM338): activin type II receptor antibody for muscle preservation and fat loss. BELIEVE trial showed 22.1% weight loss with semaglutide combo.
Bioglutide (NA-931)
Bioglutide (NA-931): first oral quadruple agonist (IGF-1, GLP-1, GIP, glucagon) for obesity. Phase 2 showed 13.8% weight loss at 13 weeks with minimal GI effects.
Bivamelagon
Bivamelagon (LB54640): first oral MC4R agonist for hypothalamic obesity by Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Phase 2 showed 9.3% BMI reduction at 14 weeks.
Cagrilintide
Cagrilintide: Long-acting amylin analog for obesity. Covers satiety mechanism, CagriSema combination data, Phase 3 results, dosing, and side effects.
CagriSema
CagriSema: cagrilintide + semaglutide combination by Novo Nordisk. REDEFINE 1 showed 20.4% weight loss at 68 weeks. Mechanism, trial data, and NDA status.
Carnosine
Carnosine: endogenous dipeptide with anti-glycation, antioxidant, and pH-buffering properties. Phase 2 trials in diabetes, cognition, and anti-aging applications.
Cotadutide (MEDI0382)
Cotadutide (MEDI0382): dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist by AstraZeneca. Reached phase 2b for T2D and NASH before discontinuation in April 2023 in favor of weekly successor AZD9550.
CT-388
CT-388: Roche/Carmot signal-biased dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist for obesity. Phase 2 showed 22.5% weight loss at 48 weeks. Phase 3 planned for 2026.
Ecnoglutide
Ecnoglutide (XW003): cAMP-biased GLP-1 agonist by Sciwind. Phase 3 SLIMMER showed 15.4% weight loss at 48 weeks. HbA1c reduction up to 2.39% in diabetes.
Eloralintide
Eloralintide (LY3841136): selective long-acting amylin receptor agonist with up to 20.1% weight loss in Phase 2. Eli Lilly Phase 3 enrolling 2026.
Enlicitide Decanoate
Enlicitide decanoate (MK-0616): first oral macrocyclic peptide PCSK9 inhibitor. Phase 3 CORALreef trials show 56-59% LDL-C reduction. Merck FDA filing expected 2026.
Exenatide
Exenatide: the first GLP-1 receptor agonist ever approved, derived from Gila monster venom. Covers EXSCEL cardiovascular trial, Byetta/Bydureon dosing, and neuroprotection research.
GHRP-6
GHRP-6: Ghrelin receptor agonist for GH release. Covers appetite effects, cardiac cytoprotection research, dosing, side effects, and GHRP-2 comparison.
GLP-1
GLP-1: Incretin hormone powering modern weight loss drugs. Covers insulin secretion, satiety signaling, semaglutide and liraglutide data, and safety.
GUBamy
GUBamy (GUB014295): dual amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA) by Gubra. AbbVie licensed for $350M. Phase 1 showed 7.77% weight loss in 43 days.
HGH 191AA
HGH 191AA: Recombinant human growth hormone guide. Covers 191-amino acid somatotropin, GH deficiency treatment, anti-aging research, and dosing.
HGH Fragment 176-191
HGH Fragment 176-191: GH-derived fat loss peptide. Covers lipolytic mechanism without anabolic effects, metabolism research, dosing, and safety.
Ibutamoren (MK-677)
Ibutamoren (MK-677): oral ghrelin receptor agonist and growth hormone secretagogue. Covers clinical trials in aging, body composition, and bone density, plus safety concerns including heart failure risk.
Insulin
Insulin: Essential glucose-regulating peptide hormone. Covers beta cell secretion, diabetes treatment types, rapid vs long-acting dosing, and safety.
Linaclotide
Linaclotide: FDA-approved guanylate cyclase-C agonist for IBS-C and chronic constipation. Covers mechanism of action, visceral pain reduction, clinical trial results, and safety profile.
Liraglutide
Liraglutide: FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and weight management. Covers LEADER cardiovascular trial, SCALE weight loss data, and Victoza/Saxenda dosing.
MariTide
MariTide (maridebart cafraglutide): Amgen antibody-peptide conjugate combining GLP-1 agonism with GIPR antagonism. Monthly dosing. Phase 2 showed up to 16.2% weight loss at 52 weeks.
Mazdutide
Mazdutide: Dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist approved in China for obesity. Covers up to 20% weight loss in trials, mechanism, dosing, and side effects.
MET-097i
MET-097i (PF-3944): ultra-long-acting monthly GLP-1 agonist using HALO platform. Pfizer acquired Metsera for $10B. Phase 2b showed 12.3% weight loss.
MOTS-c
MOTS-c: Mitochondrial-derived exercise mimetic peptide. Covers AMPK activation, glucose metabolism, aging research, dosing, and preclinical findings.
Orforglipron
Orforglipron (LY3502970): oral non-peptide GLP-1 agonist by Eli Lilly. ATTAIN Phase 3 showed 11.2% weight loss at 72 weeks. Mechanism, dosing, and status.
Pemvidutide
Pemvidutide (ALT-801): dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist by Altimmune. Phase 2b showed 15.6% weight loss, 59.1% MASH resolution. No dose titration required.
Petrelintide
Petrelintide (ZP8396): long-acting amylin analog by Zealand Pharma, licensed to Roche for $5.3B. Phase 1b showed 8.6% weight loss. Phase 2b ZUPREME underway.
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Pramlintide (Symlin): FDA-approved synthetic amylin analog for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Adjunct to mealtime insulin for postprandial glucose control with weight loss benefit.
Retatrutide
Retatrutide: Triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist with up to 24% weight loss. Covers mechanism, Phase 2/3 trial data, dosing, and side effects.
Ribupatide
Ribupatide (HRS9531): dual GLP-1/GIP agonist by Hengrui/Kailera. Injectable showed 21.1% weight loss at 36 weeks. Oral 12.1% at 26 weeks. Phase 3 underway.
Semaglutide
Semaglutide: FDA-approved GLP-1 agonist for weight loss and diabetes. Covers STEP/SUSTAIN trials, Ozempic vs Wegovy dosing, and cardiovascular benefits.
Setmelanotide (IMCIVREE)
Setmelanotide (IMCIVREE): FDA-approved MC4R agonist for rare genetic obesity due to POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency. First-in-class targeted therapy for monogenic obesity.
Survodutide
Survodutide: Glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist for obesity and MASH. Covers Phase 3 trials, liver fat reduction, weight loss data, dosing, and side effects.
Taspoglutide
Taspoglutide: once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist by Roche/Ipsen. Phase 3 T-emerge trials halted in 2010 due to severe GI side effects and hypersensitivity reactions.
Teduglutide
Teduglutide (Gattex/Revestive): FDA-approved GLP-2 analog for short bowel syndrome. Promotes intestinal growth and reduces parenteral nutrition dependence.
Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin (Egrifta): FDA-approved GHRH analog for HIV lipodystrophy. Covers visceral fat reduction, GH stimulation, cognitive research, and dosing.
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide: FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist with up to 22.5% weight loss. Covers SURPASS/SURMOUNT trials, dosing, and semaglutide comparison.
Trevogrumab
Trevogrumab (REGN1033): anti-myostatin antibody by Regeneron for lean mass preservation during GLP-1 weight loss. COURAGE Phase 2 trial with semaglutide.
VK2735
VK2735: dual GLP-1/GIP agonist by Viking Therapeutics. Phase 2 showed 14.7% weight loss in 13 weeks. SC and oral formulations. Phase 3 VANQUISH underway.
Zovaglutide
Zovaglutide (ZT-002): first once-monthly GLP-1 agonist for obesity by QL Biopharm. Phase 2 showed 13.8% weight loss at 24 weeks. Phase 3 initiated.
Head-to-Head Comparisons
Detailed comparisons between weight loss & metabolism peptides covering mechanisms, efficacy, side effects, and research evidence.
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GLP-1 Drugs Ranked by Weight Loss: 2026 Data Comparison
Every GLP-1 and incretin drug ranked by clinical weight loss data as of 2026, from retatrutide at 28.7% to oral orforglipron at 11.2%, with comparison tables and trial details.
guideThe GLP-1 Pill Race: Every Oral Obesity Drug in Development
A comprehensive guide to every oral GLP-1 obesity drug in development, from approved oral semaglutide to pipeline agents orforglipron, aleniglipron, VK2735, ribupatide, and amycretin.
comparisonOral vs Injectable GLP-1 Drugs: The Complete Comparison
A head-to-head comparison of oral and injectable GLP-1 drugs for obesity, including oral semaglutide, orforglipron, aleniglipron, and VK2735 versus their injectable counterparts.
guideComplete Guide to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Every Drug Explained
A comprehensive guide to every GLP-1 receptor agonist drug, from FDA-approved semaglutide and tirzepatide to pipeline therapies like retatrutide, amycretin, MariTide, and oral orforglipron.
research-reviewGLP-1 Plus Amylin: Why Combination Therapy Is the Next Frontier
A research review of GLP-1 and amylin combination therapy for obesity, covering CagriSema, amycretin, petrelintide, pramlintide, and the science behind dual appetite hormone targeting.
Research Tools
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